Firefighting procedures

1.8 Firefighting procedures

Fire spreads fast. However, how quickly it is detected and controlled determines the extent of damage it causes. Once fire is detected, raise the fire alarm; act fast to put it out. If it is big, evacuate the building and call the fire brigade.
There are three classes of fire: Electrical, chemical and solid. Each class is controlled using appropriate firefighting equipment.

How to Control Electric Fires

Electric fires involve the burning of insulation of the conductors. The fire may spread to other combustible materials if not put out in good time. Some fundamental steps for fighting electric fires are:
1. Switch off the main electrical power supply.
2. Spray the burning material using carbon dioxide or dry powder extinguishers.

REMEMBER:
Water and foam extinguishers should never be used on electric fires.

How to Control Chemical Fires

Burning oil or chemical fires are controlled by spraying them with foam, carbon dioxide or dry powder extinguishers. Sand or soil may also be used by pouring either on the base of the fire.

How to Control Solid Fires

Solid fires include all types of burning wood and other materials. For these all types of fire extinguishers may be used although the water type is usually preferred. The fires may also be sprayed with water directly from water hoses or taps. Sand or soil is also used. Covering materials like blankets and twigs of trees are sometimes used to put out flames and, therefore, reduce the chances of the fire spreading.

Note:
The above procedures are only applicable to localised or small fires.  For big fires, firefighting companies or the government's municipal authorities must be called.

Firefighting Activity

I. Write a simple step-by-step protocol that articulates what you will do if you encounter an fire in the Chemistry Lab at school.
II. Make a cue card for your protocol that will fit in your wallet. If possible laminate it.